Features of the relationship between human capital development and digital technologies in the context of society 5.0 formation
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the relationship between the level of digital technologies and human capital development in the countries around the world under the conditions of the emergence of Society 5.0.
Methodology / approach. The research is based on general scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, systematization and generalization. Bibliographic analysis, standardization, correlation analysis (calculation of Pearson, Spearman, Kendall correlation coefficients), cluster analysis and data visualization techniques were also used in the research process.
Results. The literature review shows that a key postulate of the Society 5.0 concept is human-centeredness combined with a high level of digital technology development. In this context, the features of the relationship between the level of human capital development and the degree of a country digitization have been identified in the study. The results of the analysis show that there is a direct rather strong relationship between HCI and NRI, and HCI and NRI sub-indices for the sample of 131 countries for 2020. These findings are supported by the results of analyses based on the calculation of Pearson, Spearman, Kendall correlation coefficients. Further analysis showed that this dependence is not homogeneous for the whole sample. As a result of the cluster analysis, four clusters were identified and correlation coefficients were calculated for each cluster. Scatterplot and Box & Whisker plot diagrams for clusters were also plotted. It turned out that the relationship between the analyzed indicators varies by groups of countries.
Originality / scientific novelty. The results of the analysis show that the level of human capital development is closely linked to the level of society digitalization. However, this relationship is not homogeneous. This confirms the need to implement the Society 5.0 approach to the human development problems.
Practical value / implications. The article proposes an approach to assess the relationship between the degree of digitalisation of society and the quality of the human factor in the economy. The obtained results can be used to justify the directions and tools for the implementation of state policy to support human capital development, taking into account the factors and characteristics of Society 5.0.
References
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Melnyk L., Kubatko O., Matsenko O., Balatskyi Y., Serdyukov K. Transformation of the human capital reproduction in line with Industries 4.0 and 5.0. Problems and Perspectives in Management. 2021. Vol. 19. No. 2. Pp. 480–494. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.38.
Nahavandi S. Industry 5.0 – a human-centric solution. Sustainability. 2019. Vol. 11. No. 16. 4371. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164371.
Paschek D., Mocan A., Draghici A. Industry 5.0 – the expected impact of next industrial revolution. Thriving on Future Education, Industry, Business and Society; Proceedings of the MakeLearn and TIIM International Conference. Piran, Slovenia (15–17 May, 2019). URL: http://www.innovation4.cn/library/r52699.
Maddikunta P. K. R., Pham Q.-V., Prabadevi B., Deepa N., Dev K., Gadekallu T. R., Ruby R., Liyanage M. Industry 5.0: a survey on enabling technologies and potential applications. Journal of Industrial Information Integration. 2022. Vol. 26. 100257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100257.
Human Capital Index. URL: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators.
Networked Readiness Index. URL: https://networkreadinessindex.org/2020/nri-2020-analysis.
References
Society 5.0. A People-Centric Super-Smart Society (2020). Hitachi-U Tokyo Laboratory. Singapore, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2989-4.
Pereira, A. G., Lima, T. M., & Charrua-Santos, F. (2020). Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0: opportunities and threats. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(5), 3305–3308. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D8764.018520.
Polat, L., & Erkollar, A. (2021). Industry 4.0 vs. Society 5.0. In N. M. Durakbasa, M. G. Gençyılmaz (Eds), Digital Conversion on the Way to Industry 4.0. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (pp. 333–345). Cham, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62784-3_28.
Potočan, V., Mulej, M., & Nedelko, Z. (2021). Society 5.0: balancing of Industry 4.0, economic advancement and social problems. Kybernetes, 50(3), 794–811. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-12-2019-0858.
Demir, K. A., Doven, G., & Sezen, B. (2019). Industry 5.0 and human-robot co-working. Procedia Computer Science, 158, 688–695. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.104.
Doyle Kent, M., & Kopacek, P. (2021). Do we need synchronization of the human and robotics to make industry 5.0 a success story? In N. M. Durakbasa, M. G. Gençyılmaz (Eds), Digital Conversion on the Way to Industry 4.0. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (pp. 302–311). Cham, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62784-3_25.
Sima, V., Gheorghe, I. G., Subić, J., & Nancu, D. (2020). Influences of the Industry 4.0 revolution on the human capital development and consumer behavior: a systematic review. Sustainability, 12(10), 4035. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104035.
Stryzhak, O., Akhmedova, O., Leonenko, N., Lopatchenko, I., & Hrabar, N. (2021). Transformation of human capital strategies in the tourism industry under the influence of Economy 4.0. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.12.
Kumar, R., Gupta, P., Singh, S., & Jain, D. (2021). Human empowerment by Industry 5.0 in digital era: analysis of enablers. In R. K. Phanden, K. Mathiyazhagan, R. Kumar, J. Paulo Davim (Eds), Advances in Industrial and Production Engineering. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (pp. 401–410). Singapore, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4320-7_36.
Breque, M., De Nul, L., & Petridis, A. (2021). Industry 5.0: towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry. European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. https://doi.org/10.2777/308407.
Longo, F., Padovano, A., & Umbrello, S. (2020). Value-oriented and ethical technology engineering in Industry 5.0: a human-centric perspective for the design of the factory of the future. Applied Sciences, 10(12), 4182. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124182.
Xu, X., Lu, Y., Vogel-Heuser, B., & Wang, L. (2021). Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 – inception, conception and perception. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 61, 530–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.10.006.
Rojas, C., Penafiel, G., Buitrago, D., & Romero, C. (2021). Society 5.0: a Japanese concept for a superintelligent society. Sustainability, 13(2), 6567. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126567.
Sá, M. J., Santos, A. I., Serpa, S., & Ferreira, C. M. (2021). Digital literacy in digital society 5.0: some challenges. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0033.
Di Nardo, M., & Yu, H. (2021). Special Issue “Industry 5.0: the prelude to the sixth industrial revolution”. Applied System Innovation, 4(3), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi4030045.
Zengin, Y., Naktiyok, S., Kaygın, E., Kavak, O., & Topçuoğlu, E. (2021). An investigation upon Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 within the context of sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 13(5), 2682. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052682.
Melnyk, L., Kubatko, O., Matsenko, O., Balatskyi, Y., & Serdyukov, K. (2021). Transformation of the human capital reproduction in line with Industries 4.0 and 5.0. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 480–494. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.38.
Nahavandi, S. (2019). Industry 5.0 – a human-centric solution. Sustainability, 11(16), 4371. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164371.
Paschek, D., Mocan, A., & Draghici, A. (2019). Industry 5.0 – The expected impact of next industrial revolution. Thriving on Future Education, Industry, Business and Society; Proceedings of the MakeLearn and TIIM International Conference. Piran, Slovenia. Available at: http://www.innovation4.cn/library/r52699.
Maddikunta, P. K. R., Pham, Q.-V., Prabadevi, B., Deepa, N., Dev, K., Gadekallu, T. R., Ruby, R., & Liyanage, M. (2022). Industry 5.0: a survey on enabling technologies and potential applications. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 26, 100257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100257.
Human Capital Index (n.d.). Available at: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators.
Networked Readiness Index (n.d.). Available at: https://networkreadinessindex.org.
